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Diodes, particularly semiconductor diodes, are key components that allow current to flow in one direction only. They are used for rectification, meaning they convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), which is essential for powering most electronic devices. Zener diodes are another important type, providing voltage regulation by allowing current to flow backwards once a specific voltage is exceeded, protecting sensitive electronic parts from voltage spikes.


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Resistors are one of the most fundamental electrical components. They limit the flow of electric current and are measured in ohms. Resistors are critical for controlling voltage and current levels in circuits, ensuring that delicate components do not receive excessive power that could lead to damage. For example, in a simple LED circuit, resistors protect the LED by limiting the amount of current that flows through it, thus extending its lifespan.


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